Condrodisplasia «punctata» rizomélica clásica: comunicación de dos casos con las formas grave y benigna de la afección / Classic rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata: report of 2 cases with two forms of the disease

La condrodisplasia punctata rizomélica clásica (RCDP) es una rara enfermedad multisistémica autosómica recesiva, debida a una alteración del metabolismo peroxisomal que determina una deficiencia de la biosíntesis de plasmalógenos y de la alfaoxidación del ácido fitánico. Se caracteriza por la presencia desde el nacimiento de un acortamiento proximal de las extremidades, calcificaciones periarticulares, dismorfia facial, retraso del desarrollo y mortalidad precoz. Se presentan dos casos de RCDP clásica, o tipo I, con las dos formas clínicas de presentación, grave o mortal y leve o benigna, en relación con la existencia de actividad enzimática residual, y se revisan sus principales aspectos clínicos(AU)

Classic rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (CRCP) is a rare multisystem disease, autosomal recessive disorder. It is due because a peroxisomal metabolism alteration that determine deficiency of the plasmalogen biosynthesis and the alpha oxidation of phytanic acid. It is characterized by proximal shortening of the limbs, punctuate calcifications of the epiphyses, facial dysmorphia, developmental delay and early lethality. We present two cases of CRCP type I with two different forms of presentation, one severe and another one mild or bening, in relation with the residual enzyme activity and we revise the main clinical aspects(AU)

Condrodisplasia punctata rizomélica asociada a hipocalcemia neonatal. Comunicación de un nuevo caso / Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata associated toneonatal hypocalcemia. A report of a new case

La condrodisplasia punctata rizomélica clásica (RCDP) es una enfermedad multisistémica rara, de herencia autosómica recesiva, que se caracteriza por un acortamiento proximal de los miembros, calcificaciones punteadas de las epífisis, cataratas, retraso del desarrollo y mortalidad temprana. Se debe a una disfunción del metabolismo peroxisomal, con un perfil bioquímico característico de cada uno de los diversos defectos de metabolismo peroxisómico (AU)

Classic rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a rare multisystemic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance that is characterized by proximal shortening of the limbs, punctuate calcifications of the epiphyses, cataracts, developmental delay and early lethality. It´s due to a peroxisomal disorder and exists a biochemical characteristic of each of the various defects in peroxisome metabolism (AU)

[Our experience in the diagnosis of peroxisomal diseases with an abnormal fatty acid profile]. / Nuestra experiencia diagnóstica en enfermedades peroxisomales con alteración del perfil de ácidos grasos

INTRODUCTION: The aetiology and clinical features of peroxisomal diseases vary widely. An altered very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) profile is commonly found in many of these diseases, and this makes it easier to point the diagnosis in the right direction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We review our experience in the diagnosis of cases of peroxisomal diseases with an altered VLCFA pattern; these were determined in serum only when there was a strong clinical suspicion up to the end of 1998, when their quantification by chromatography was introduced into our laboratory. RESULTS: The neuropaediatric database included 10,239 cases between May 1990 and 1st October 2007. Ten cases of peroxisomal disease with an altered VLCFA pattern were identified, all of them males. There were two cases of Zellweger syndrome spectrum, one unclassified peroxisomal oxidation defect and seven X-linked adrenoleukodystrophies (four with neurological compromise and three with no neurological damage; two were identified in siblings of patients and the other due to the presence of Addison's syndrome). CONCLUSIONS: In our 10 cases, the diagnosis was guided by the clinical or familial features that led to the determination of VLCFA. Being able to determine VLCFA makes early systematic diagnosis of patients possible. At present, VLCFA determination is performed when there is a clinical suspicion of Zellweger spectrum, suspected X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy of unclear causation, Addison's disease, both in males and females, and above all in cases of chronic encephalopathy of unknown causation, with or without prenatal onset.

Nuestra experiencia diagnóstica en enfermedades peroxisomales con alteración del perfil de ácidos grasos / Our experience in the diagnosis of peroxisomal diseases with an abnormal fatty acid profile

Introducción. Las enfermedades peroxisomales tienen una gran heterogeneidad etiológica y clínica. Un perfil alterado de ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga (AGCML) es común a muchas de ellas, lo que facilita su orientación diagnóstica.Pacientes y métodos. Se revisa nuestra experiencia diagnóstica en los casos de enfermedad peroxisomal con patrón alterado de AGCML, que se determinaban en suero sólo ante fuerte sospecha clínica hasta finales de 1998, fecha en que se introdujo en nuestro laboratorio su cuantificación por cromatografía. Resultados. En la base de datos de neuropediatría de mayo de 1990 a 1 de octubre de 2007 figuran 10.239 casos. Se han identificado 10 casos de enfermedad peroxisomal con patrón alterado de AGCML, todos varones: dos casos de espectro de síndrome de Zellweger, un defecto de la beta-oxidación peroxisomal sin tipificar y siete adrenoleucodistrofias ligadas a X (cuatro con afectación neurológica y tres sin daño neurológico; dosidentificados por ser hermanos de enfermos y el otro por presentar un síndrome de Addison). Conclusiones. En nuestros 10 casos, el diagnóstico se orientó por el cuadro clínico o familiar que llevó a la determinación de AGCML. La disponibilidad de la determinación de AGCML permite el diagnóstico siste-mático de pacientes de forma precoz. Actualmente, la realizamos ante sospecha clínica del espectro Zellweger, sospecha de adrenoleucodistrofia/adrenomieloneuropatía ligada a X, leucoencefalopatías de causa no aclarada, enfermedad de Addison, tanto en varones como mujeres, y ante toda encefalopatía crónica de causa no aclarada de inicio prenatal o no

Introduction. The aetiology and clinical features of peroxisomal diseases vary widely. An altered very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) profile is commonly found in many of these diseases, and this makes it easier to point the diagnosis in the right direction. Patients and methods. We review our experience in the diagnosis of cases of peroxisomal diseases with analtered VLCFA pattern; these were determined in serum only when there was a strong clinical suspicion up to the end of 1998, when their quantification by chromatography was introduced into our laboratory. Results. The neuropaediatric database included 10,239 cases between May 1990 and 1st October 2007. Ten cases of peroxisomal disease with an altered VLCFApattern were identified, all of them males. There were two cases of Zellweger syndrome spectrum, one unclassified peroxisomal oxidation defect and seven X-linked adrenoleukodystrophies (four with neurological compromise and three with no neurological damage; two were identified in siblings of patients and the other due to the presence of Addison’s syndrome).Conclusions. In our 10 cases, the diagnosis was guided by the clinical or familial features that led to the determination of VLCFA. Being able to determine VLCFA makes early systematic diagnosis of patients possible. At present, VLCFA determination is performed when there is a clinical suspicion of Zellweger spectrum, suspected X-linked adrenoleuko - dystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy of unclear causation, Addison’s disease, both in males and females, and above all in cases of chronic encephalopathy of unknown causation, with or without prenatal onset